Brother Gerald and the Vending Machine

images-5As an intern at Metropolitan State Hospital in the late 70’s, I remember being surprised to see a Catholic cleric on the wards where I worked.    Because so many of the patients had perverse religious ideas associated with their psychoses, such as believing that they themselves were Jesus or that they were possessed by demons, I naively thought that having a preacher around could only make things worse.

I never got to know Brother Gerald well, but we did take a few walks together around the grounds of the hospital.   On one of the walks I expressed my reservations about his being there, given the religious ideation of so many of the patients.   He responded, surprisingly, that religion didn’t come up that often.   Mostly he just acted like a friend, he said, someone to bounce ideas off of.

He explained to me that he had no formal training in psychotherapy, but there was no dearth of wisdom in the church and a lot of experienced people with whom he could talk.  At one point he said that sometimes he “prays with” his patients, which really perked me up, because to me that was a pretty religious and potentially damaging thing.

“What kinds of things do you pray for?” I asked him, trying to set a trap.

He looked at me a bit nonplused, and kindly said, “Oh no, we don’t pray for anything.  God isn’t a vending machine.”

To me, prayer was the thing that children did when they knelt by the side of their beds, put their palms together and asked God or Jesus to make their parents stop fighting with each other or for Daddy to stop coming home drunk.   So I asked Brother Gerald what he meant by prayer.

“Prayer is a state of gratitude,” he said.   “It’s an active way of thanking God for all that has been given to us.”

“You mean, if you’re sick you don’t ask God to make you better?  What do you do if someone is sick?”  I wasn’t giving up that easily.

“If someone is sick, your prayers are about being grateful for the strength that they already have to heal themselves.   If someone is afraid, your prayers are your gratitude for the courage they already have to face their fears.”

The affirmation of the aspects of one’s self that can be garnered to heal oneself is a key ingredient in the kind of psychotherapy I have practiced for many years.    (I remember the words of one of my first supervisors, a behaviorist, who used to say “Assume health.”)  But reducing Brother Gerald’s view of prayer to a psychotherapeutic ingredient does it little justice.

After a couple of walks with Brother Gerald, I remember feeling not only glad that he was there, but comforted knowing I could consult with him if I wanted to augment the advice of my supervisors.  Life before or since that internship has not been a bed of roses, but the advice of Brother Gerald has helped me to see and appreciate not only the roses that do appear but also the challenges and tribulations out of which roses might eventually emerge.   For all of that, and for the walks with Brother Gerald around the hospital grounds, I am grateful.

 

 

 

Standing Up to Authority

Unknown-1In 1978, as United Airlines flight 173 was approaching the airport in Portland, Oregon, the captain noticed an abnormally loud thumping sound, along with an unexpected vibration and a yawing motion to the right.   The captain aborted the approach and began to circle the airport while trying to solve the problem.   Steeped in thought, he circled the airport for an hour, just long enough for all the fuel on board to be exhausted.   The first officer casually mentioned the low-fuel condition to the captain, but the captain was too entrenched in problem-solving mode to heed the warning.

The “good news” was that only 10 of the 189 people aboard died from the resulting crash because the lack of fuel on board prevented a fire on impact.   And as a result of the accident new recommendations were put into place that led to what is now called crew resource management.   This is a set of procedures pertaining to how members of the crew are to relate to one another in order to prevent confusion.   One of these procedures has come to be called the “sterile cockpit rule,” in which no idle chatting is permitted below 10,000 feet (i.e., on takeoff and landing).  Another pertains to the importance of speaking up assertively in the face of authority until a problem is resolved.

When I ran my own company I encouraged my employees to reveal to me any inadequacies they saw in the company.   One of my supervisors sent me an email in which she outlined, in detail, all the things she thought was wrong with the company.   When I received the email, I called to thank her and ask her permission to share her email with the other supervisors.   I heard her take a deep breath, after which she said that she thought my phone call was going to be her termination notice.  I told her that I admired her courage, and that I wanted to not only address her concerns, but to encourage other supervisors to emulate her.

Before I ran my own company, I worked for two non-profit mental health centers.  In both places, I climbed the executive ladder quickly, moving from therapist to assistant clinical director at one agency in a matter of two years, “climbing” over others who were in some cases twice my age.   Even in those days, I knew the “trick” was to meet with the people running the show, and respectfully tell them how they could do their jobs better.   Though I knew I could be fired because they thought I was an egotistical upstart or gunning for their job, I had the good fortune of working for leaders who were not intimidated and did what James Collins (in the classic management tome “Good to Great”) saw as a hallmark of a great company– actively breed and nurture leaders who would ultimately take their pace.

In my private pilot checkride,–the crucible that determines whether or not you earn your ticket to fly, there were three instances in which the examiner raised his eyebrows because I made decisions that were contrary to his expectations, but proved to be in the best interest of safety.   Technically, the student on a checkride is acting as “pilot in command,” but most students emphasize the “acting” and will defer decisions to the examiner, who has the authority to determine your future ability to fly.   It turns out that I made a lot of mistakes during my checkride, and was fully expecting to fail, but when the examiner told me I had passed I looked at him nonplussed, and he said to me, “You earned it.”   I suspect it had a lot to do with the decisions I made to unabashedly yet humbly defy his preferences.

Several major aviation catastrophes later, a lack of standing up to authority has been cited as a potentially critical link in the accident chain.   Without a doubt, leaders need followers in order to lead, but the best leaders know that the best followers are the ones who can be counted on to speak up, even at the risk of being punished for doing so.

 

Istanbul and the Armenian Genocide

imagesAlthough the Armenian genocide at the hand of Ottoman Turks occurred almost exactly 100 years ago, I have avoided coming to Turkey partly because of feelings similar to those I had when first traveling through Germany in 1975.  Back then, as I felt the gentle swaying of the train and watched the beautiful German landscape slip past me, I couldn’t help but imagine myself being shipped off to a camp to be gassed, my lifeless body then piled in a mound with so many others who shared my fate.  Even though that occurred 30 years after the holocaust ended, as a 21-year-old I couldn’t help but feel the fear that echoed inside me through the generations.  Now, in Turkey, remembering stories of the murder of more than a million Armenians as the world looked away, I know the feelings that I share with my Armenian comrades are irrational; it is not as though the Turks living here today had anything to do with the behavior of their progenitors nearly a century ago.

In the book of Exodus we are told that the sins of the fathers will be visited on the children and the children’s children, to the third and the fourth generation.  Somewhat mysteriously, future generations bear the weight of their ancestors’ sins.   But that is certainly not to say they are responsible for their sins, as Ezekial clarified:  The son shall not suffer for the iniquity of the father, nor the father suffer for the iniquity of the son.  The righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself.

For many, apologizing for the behavior of ancestors seems altogether silly.  But for others, it is an essential part of a healing process.  In spite of the flak he received for it, when Bill Clinton apologized for American slavery, some healing occurred.   When Tony Blair apologized for the Irish famine, when the Pope repented for the behavior of the Catholic Church during the holocaust, when the Japanese prime minister apologized for the Second World War, some healing occurred.

Years ago, when teaching a family therapy course at Antioch, I discussed the Armenian genocide in class.   Afterward, a student came up to me and mentioned to me that she was Turkish.   In fact, her father was a Turkish ambassador.  She told me that I should be aware that there is also a Turkish side to the story.  Ever since, I have honestly struggled to learn the Turkish side of the story, just as I have struggled to understand the roots of the anti-Semitism that led to the Holocaust.  There may be explanations, but I really don’t know that there ever can be an “other side” to genocide.

Healing occurs because genuine apologies make the world a safer place.  Safety comes when we know ourselves and take responsibility for the harm that we are capable of perpetrating.  Or, in the words of the great philosopher Charles Shulz, “We have met the enemy, and he is us.”

Now, sitting on the terrace of my hotel room, overlooking the Bosporus on a warm, sunny spring morning in Istanbul, I think about the kindness, generosity, and sweetness of the four new Turkish friends who chose to spend their hard-earned day off with us yesterday.  One of them proclaimed in a discussion about the enmity that resulted after 9/11 and the subsequent backlash that “terrorism has no religion.”

In six days from now elections will be held that will likely keep Turkey’s president in power.   It is unlikely that this government will reverse its policy of selective memory and move toward truth or reconciliation.  That is sad, but eternal optimist that I am, I can only hope that over time governments will come to better represent the kindness and compassion of the people they govern.

 –written in April 2014 while in Istanbul on my way to Armenia

 

 

 

The Golden Rule: Leave Yourself an Out

images-4Most of us were taught that doing unto others what you would have them do unto you was the “golden rule.”     The well-known aerobatic pilot Patty Wagstaff once said that for pilots the golden rule was these simple four words:  leave yourself an out.

Pilots get into deep trouble when they forget that rule.   They fly into canyons not knowing what might greet them around the corner (such as a transverse mountain boxing them in).    Or they fly into bad weather because they failed to locate an alternate airport.   Or they fly through a hole in the clouds not knowing what will greet them on the other side of the hole.  Failing to leave oneself an escape route, an alternate way out, can end in disaster.

I used to think of it as slightly awkward when behavior therapists define the goal of therapy as increasing one’s access to reinforcers.   It sounded superficial, but as is often the case, it turned out to be more profound than it sounded.   (A reinforcer, for the uninitiated, is something that will increase or decrease the likelihood of engaging in the behavior that came before it.) Increasing one’s access to reinforcers can be thought of as simply being able to make more effective choices in life.   It means giving yourself as many “outs” as you can.

Andrew Solomon once wrote that every person who suffers from deep depression has one thing in common:  they feel trapped in one way or another.    Whatever their situation, they believe they have no choices left, no “outs.”  When I work with depressed clients, I often try to uncover the source of the trapped feeling, if it isn’t readily apparent.  Helping someone to find an “out” by exploring possibilities that may not have been considered can be a great relief.

Leaving yourself an out works in business negotiations as well.   Every negotiator knows that the first step in negotiating is to not allow oneself to “need” the deal.   One must always be able to visualize and get comfortable with the idea of rejecting the deal altogether. Leave yourself an out.

It may be sheer insecurity or claustrophobia that causes me to check where the exits are every time I go into a movie theater or crowded place.  I even look at the ceiling in elevators and try to discern how to unlatch the top in order to access the roof in the event of getting caught between floors.  Maybe I take aviation’s golden rule too seriously, but then again, experienced aviators have decided to take this idea and plate it with gold.

I have, in my time, met a few pilots who seemed to have merged the two goldens, devolving into the attitude represented by “Do unto others, then run like hell!”  Perhaps it works better to keep them separate but equal:  Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, and always leave yourself an out.  Works for me.

 

Recovery from Autism

Unknown-3Last Sunday’s NY Times’ magazine’s cover story was called “After Autism.”   I once heard that the best way to sell a million copies of a country song was to include the word “Texas” in the title; similarly, an issue of Newsweek that had the word autism on the cover was the second largest selling issue in its history, second only to the issue that had Jesus on the cover.    So undoubtedly if you could think of a good song title with the words Jesus, autism, and Texas in the title you’ll make a mint.

When I first picked up the article and read a random paragraph that reeked with misinformation I was sufficiently angry to put it aside, but when I eventually read the article through I thought the author (Ruth Padawar) got the gist of it right.  Most news about autism is pretty dismal, and it’s important to tell the whole story.  Some kids really do get better.

Much of the misinformation in the article centers on O. Ivar Lovaas, who the author describes as “the pioneer of A.B.A.”  While Lovaas certainly was a pioneer, by no means was he ever the pioneer, an important distinction because his seminal work was based on years of research that preceded him.

The author also states “By the 1990s, after a public outcry, Lovaas and most of his followers abandoned aversives.”   Lovaas stopped using aversives (such as a light slap on the child’s thigh) because the research eventually showed they weren’t necessary.   While aversives were made illegal in certain contexts (such as California schools), most parents use aversive means to control their children’s behavior and the topic is still hotly debated in both the public and research communities.

“While subsequent studies did not reproduce Lovaas’s findings…” Tell that to John McEachen and Tristram Smith.   The fact-checkers at the Times went to sleep on that one.

And this one: …in the 1960s and ‘70s, Lovaas’s team used ABA on boys with “deviant sex-role behaviors,” including a 4-year-old boy whom Lovaas called Kraig, with a “swishy” gait and an aversion to “masculine activities.”  It then went on to describe what “Lovaas” specifically did, and stated that years later when Kraig came out as gay and eventually committed suicide, his family blamed the treatment.

The case of Kraig was a single case study done by a graduate student named George Rekers as his doctoral dissertation, and Lovaas was his advisor (and hence became the second author of the published study.)  Lovaas spent years trying to distance himself from Rekers, although Rekers did claim that the study was Lovaas’ idea.  Rekers, who became a prominent anti-gay activist and “conversion” specialist, also claimed that the male escort he found on the “RentBoy.com” website and with whom he spent 10 days in Europe was hired to carry his luggage.  Regardless, it is important to remember that no matter how egregious most of us would find that study today, those were very different times and Lovaas himself later wanted nothing to do with it.

The author paints it as a mystery as to why some children do better than others, mostly quoting respected researchers who claim that they are clueless about that.   That is unfortunate, because those of us who have been in the field as long as I have can tell you from our own experiences (as well as the preliminary research) that the children who are most likely to “recover” are the ones who receive early behavioral treatment, are verbal, have higher IQs to begin with, and are often girls.   There are certainly many children who improve dramatically who do not fit into those categories, and some who do fit into those categories who don’t improve significantly, but as a generalization, that is what we know.

In fairness to the author, the research on autism is complex, and as such it is difficult to characterize accurately in an article aimed at the public.   Overall, she got it right, and for those of us who have spent much of our lives working with autism, at least until Jesus comes to Texas, it is always good to see and read about those whose improvement leads to their being labeled “recovered.”

Flying into the Crash

imagesSeveral years ago, when flying in a Cessna 150 over the mountains between Fillmore and the great Central Valley, I lost power.   The little Continental 100 horsepower engine became a 100 mousepower engine.   I began to panic as the beautiful mountains beneath me rose up to greet me.   I tried applying carburetor heat, knowing that doing so might make things worse at first, melting the carb ice that would then suck into the engine as water, but that would eventually turn things around for the better.  But it did nothing.    I tried playing with the mixture control; perhaps I was too lean, but when I adjusted the mixture things just got worse.

I remembered something in the classic 1944 aviation text by Wolfgang Langewiesche called “Stick and Rudder.”  He said early on in the book (thankfully, because I rarely get beyond “early on” in many books) that there is practically no problem one could have when flying that couldn’t be solved by doing one simple thing: putting the nose down.   So I lowered the nose, right toward the mountain, and sure enough, the little engine that could became the little engine that did and it perked right back up.

By pointing the nose down, regaining power, and then lifting the nose until the engine almost quit, and then repeating this roller coaster procedure while looking for a good place to land (there were none), I finally made it over Gorman pass; there I saw the beautiful, flat Central Valley in front of me.   (Ever since then, I have loved the flatness of that valley.   To me, it is one gargantuan runway.)   Once I decreased my altitude over the Central Valley, the little Cessna no longer gasped for air, and all went smoothly for the rest of the trip.  (I chose to go around the mountains on my way home!)

Pointing the nose toward the ground at a time when the ground is the thing you fear the most is a great lesson in life.   If we are willing to learn, it teaches us to use our fears to do what is sometimes counter-intuitive.    The former test pilot and world renowned aerobatic performer Bob Hoover, now in his nineties, has said, “If you’re faced with a forced landing, fly the thing as far into the crash as possible.”

It is, perhaps, another way of saying “it ain’t over til it’s over.”  But it is also good advice because often, doing the thing we think is natural to do is not the best way to handle a situation.

When I suffered from severe migraines as a child, I realized that anything I did past a certain point to avoid or prevent the migraine was not only useless, but tended to worsen the pain.   Pain tells us to pay attention to it.  It says that there is something wrong that needs to be fixed.  Yet if we do what seems natural and fight it, it sometimes doubles down on us.  I had to fly right through it.

I am reminded of one of my favorite book titles (and one of my favorite books!):  “The situation is hopeless, but not serious.”   It doesn’t matter what the crash looks like:  a family conflict, a devastating business loss, a letter from the IRS.  Sometimes our enemies come to our rescue, a hole appears in the clouds, or a tree limb breaks our fall.  The important thing is to keep flying.

 

 

 

 

 

If You Can’t Get to Heaven: Leo Sandron and Ward 407

images-2The food that was served to the staff in the cafeteria at Metropolitan State Hospital in Norwalk was just as bad as the food served to the patients.   That’s why many staff members walked across the street to the cafeteria at the modern headquarters of Bechtel, where we could sit and dine among the white shirts and ties of the engineers who were designing nuclear reactors and cities in Saudi Arabia.

I was sitting at a table with my supervisor, Leo Sandron, when a loud, corpulent psychiatrist walked over to us.   After Leo introduced me as his psychology intern, the psychiatrist remarked, “Oh, so you’re on ward 407.   You know what they say?  If you can’t get to heaven, go to 407!”

Attempting to enter the modern era, a few years earlier the hospital started calling the wards “units,” in order to sound less like what they were, psychiatric wards for the patients no one else wanted or could handle.   The hospital in Norwalk, still functioning to this day, was the dumping ground for patients who were involuntarily committed throughout Southern California.

I was lucky to have been assigned to unit 407, because it was the only enlightened unit in the hospital.  That was due primarily to one remarkable individual, my supervisor, “Dr, Leo.”   Leo was one of  a dying breed; a humanistic psychologist in a hospital that was one of the most inhumane places I had ever seen.   His unit had the reputation of being the only one on the hospital from which patients were ever discharged.  That’s because it was arguably the only unit in the hospital where the patients weren’t trapped in a medical nightmare.

Leo had a “secret sauce,” a therapeutic ingredient that no one else in the hospital had.   That sauce was work.   On his off hours he would go to businesses in the area and convince the owners to hire his patients.   He would then give his patients “passes” to go to work in the community for part of their day.   At work, patients who had been hospitalized in some cases for decades would shed their engrained identities as patients and gain dignity for a few hours a day at a job “on the outside.”  On the inside Leo had a motto that he would recite to patients whenever he saw evidence to the contrary: “There are three things you aren’t allowed to do here: you can’t be sick, crazy or lazy.”

Leo had the glass windows removed that separated the nursing station from the day room, so the nurses and psychiatric technicians couldn’t hide and separate themselves from the patients.   No other unit did that, mostly out of fear for the staff’s safety.  He would smile broadly when he saw you and rub your shoulders; he believed in touching both staff and patients, and we loved it!   He held psychodrama groups daily, with the staff members participating alongside the patients, and although he was a rather funny looking, overweight fellow himself, he led daily exercise groups as well.  He not only gave me permission to run poetry writing groups with the patients, but he connected me with the foremost poetry therapy proponent in LA, who at the time was teaching at LA City College.   And he scolded me for submitting a patient to psychological testing, because he believed that testing should only be done therapeutically and the projective tests I was giving only led to patient regression.

When I worked with Leo it was close to the end of his career, and he appeared to be fighting off his own depression.   When I talked to him about it, it was clear that he was struggling with the medicalization of the hospital (and his beloved wife Frances’ declining health).   The new medical director put psychiatrists in charge of each unit, when previously the staff member who earned the most respect, regardless of their position, had led each unit.   And a renewed push was placed on medication as the only legitimate treatment method; the humanistic changes that Leo made on his unit were being pushed to the side.

Leo has long left us, and while I am not a big believer in heaven or hell being anywhere other than on earth, if there is a heaven outside of 407, Leo is there rubbing everyone’s shoulders.

 

 

Genetics and Epigenetics

DNA_Overview2When an earthquake appears on the scene here in California, two questions immediately come to the surface (sorry):  how strong is it, and where is the epicenter?  No one asks where the center of the quake is, probably because no one really knows where in the earth the quake actually occurred; they only know where on earth it appears, which for most earthlings is the only thing they really care about.

In the early days of my work with children with autism, I tried hard to stay on top of the biological research, because it is there that I held out hope that we would discover the root causes and therefore find better ways of treatment.   I believed the Holy Grail was in the area of genetics, because the research we did have all seemed to point in that direction.   In fact, the research on the genetic underpinnings of autism exploded to the point where, even with diligent assistance, I couldn’t keep up.   After a few years and several reams of printer paper, I gave up and instead vowed to read others’ research reviews and attend workshops on the subject.

It turns out that the focus on genetics may be a bit like the focus on the center of earthquakes.   It may in fact be where the real action is, but it is not so easy to find.   The decoding of the human genome held all sorts of promises, but has had very little real impact on our ability to understand disease.    That is partly due to the complexity of the problem.  (Google has recently agreed to store the genomes of 10,000 individuals with autism, which should make it easier to investigate what anomalies might serve as clues to solving the mystery.)

But it has turned out that the kind of genetics I learned about in school, which had to do with chromosomes, DNA and heritability, has changed dramatically.   The thought was that we could find the cause of a disease in mutations in one or a few genes, each gene having a significant impact.  Current belief, however, is that most chronic disorders are caused by the interaction of hundreds of low impact genes, and that even single-gene mutation disorders are effected by many heretofore unknown networks of influence.

Epigenetics is the term given to alterations in how genes are expressed, and even whether or not a gene is “turned on and off.”  The word epigenetics itself is broad, having to do with a vast number of ways the same genetic code may end up generating different proteins, which may eventually manifest in an illness.

DNA that does not code for protein has been called “junk DNA” even by those scientists who eventually decoded the human genome.   Now, as it happens, that DNA that resides among the DNA sequences that have been identified in protein-making, has been more elegantly referred to as “non-coding DNA,” and it is this DNA that some believe is responsible for how and whether coding DNA actually gets expressed.

There is budding research to support that such things as prenatal stress, infection during pregnancy, exposure to toxic chemicals, nutritional factors, diet, allergens, and many other environmental factors alter the non-coding DNA, would then impact the expression of genes at various points in development.

While the center of earthquakes holds little interest or relevance to those of us who live on the earth and not in it, geologists still need to study it in order to better understand how earthquakes are going to manifest on the surface, the epicenter.    But in the world of autism, some believe that too much emphasis is placed on studying the genetic core, because doing so has not gotten us much in the way of practical results.   These scientists believe that we may learn more about how chronic illnesses such as autism arise by paying more attention to the relatively new science of epigenetics.

 

 

Born to Fly

Max Conrad

Max Conrad

In the late 1950’s, journalist Percy Knauth had the opportunity of accompanying the legendary ferry pilot Max Conrad on a trip from an airport in Flushing, New York across the Atlantic to Paris in a diminutive Piper Apache.  Here is how Knauth described Conrad’s flying:

This man, when he is in the air, is in the familiar place.  Once off the ground, he seems to relax, to be at home.  He flies with absolutely effortless ease, without any apparent conscious application; he flies the way other men walk; he seems literally to have been born to it… He sits hunched forward, one hand on the wheel, feet gathered beneath him, his eyes constantly searching ahead and to both sides, every sense, his whole body seeming to reach out into that gray and turbulent world through which we dash with the urgency of a great bird seeking shelter from an approaching storm.  Max doesn’t seem to be in the airplane at all; he seems to be out there, sniffing the air, probing it, trying to sense what’s ahead; and what his hands do on the wheel is mere instinctive reaction to what his senses feel outside.  I have never seen anything like this at all, but now I know what manner of man gave birth to that trite phrase: “He was born to fly.”

What does it mean to be born to fly?  For that matter, what does it mean to be born to do anything? When I first moved to Ojai, I had the opportunity of meeting the great Mad Magazine cartoonist Sergio Aragones, who was kind enough to give me a tour of his studio.   I mentioned to him how much I envied his talent, given that I couldn’t draw to save my life and am convinced that I was lacking that particular gene.  He reacted almost violently, telling me that there really wasn’t such a thing as inborn talent, that initially he couldn’t draw either, and that it was all practice.   He said to me, “If you want to draw a nose, you have to draw a nose a thousand times…. 10,000 times, until you get it right.”

What Percy Knauth failed to mention in his beautiful description of Conrad’s flying ability is that Conrad began flying as a teenager, and had flown more than 30,000 hours by the time Mr. Knauth flew with him.   That’s a lot of noses.

When we see young children who can somehow make songs out of random notes on a piano, or draw faces on paper that actually resemble faces, we see it as talent.   But for reasons probably having to do with wanting to preserve our species, we don’t let children strap on airplane wings and jump off the side of a mountain.  Maybe if we did we would discover that there really are some people who were “born to fly.”

After all, is it any more natural for humans, born without wings or discernible rudders, to fly through the air than it is to sit down at a piano, press black and white levers and have a melody emerge?  Maybe Sergio was right, and doing anything so seamlessly that it appears natural is like the old joke about how to get to Carnegie Hall; it is all practice.

Aviate, Navigate, Communicate

ANCThe words “aviate, navigate, communicate” are drilled into new pilots’ heads as reminders of what to do, and in what order to do it, when the going gets tough.  Pilots hear these words from the outset of their training because many pilots get killed doing what seems natural to them, and as most of us have learned who have made it through the first few decades of life, doing what comes natural can do us in.

In a crisis, for example, it is not natural to relax.   Instead, most humans panic first as their bodies adjust to what initially appears to be an impossible situation with a deadly outcome.

To “aviate” means simply to “fly the airplane.”   Panic distracts us from the task at hand, puts us into an alarm state, and we freeze, forgetting to do the simplest things.  That is why pilots are taught to recite the mantra “aviate” as the first thing to do in a crisis.   Just fly the freaking airplane, or, as it translates to life on the ground, get out of bed, put one foot in front of the other, and stay in control of yourself in the moment.

The next item on the short list is to navigate.  To “navigate” means that one needs to know where one is, and then create a plan on getting to where one wants to go.   Last of all, “communicate”.   Talk to the people who might be able to help you get out of your sticky situation.

These all seem like obvious things to do; it is just that doing them in the wrong order is the thing that can kill you.   For example, when pilots get in trouble the first thing they often want to do is call for help.  In their panic, they try to remember and dial in the right radio frequency to call while in the meantime control of the airplane eludes them.  Or, if they become lost or disoriented, they try to find out where they are by reading a map or sticking their heads into their computers and end up crashing into a mountain.   For earth-bound vehicle drivers, it is like trying to find your wallet or reaching for your cell phone and forgetting to look at the road ahead of you.

Most of us are taught to do things in the opposite order of the aviation dictum.   We are taught first to set goals (navigate), ask questions and learn (communicate), and then to proceed toward our objectives (aviate).   That method works fine in general, but not when faced with a true emergency where your life depends on staying in control.

In a sense, to aviate first means to live in the moment, and not to allow distractions to get the best of us.   That has been difficult for me, because I tend to be so future-oriented that I lose spontaneity and even miss opportunities that are “hidden” right in front of me.   In the last two or three years, trying instead to aviate before navigating has yielded interesting results.  I have allowed myself to get excited about things I otherwise would not have given myself the time to get excited about. I would then let the excitement work its way through me, and see if it would last.  Some things lasted and some things didn’t, and this was the learning experience.  It was this state of “enhanced receptivity” that allowed me to get to know myself a bit better.

It’s a bit like the haiku I remember from the old days: My storehouse having burned down, nothing obscures my view of the bright moon.

For me, the storehouse represents the busyness of life, the cluttering of our perception with goals, mission statements, objectives, thoughts, graphs, material objects.   All of this “navigation” can certainly prevent us from aviating—staying in the moment, “flying the airplane,” and seeing the bright moon above.